Reactor is the most commonly used equipment in chemical production enterprises, and it is also the most typical equipment in the unit system, which is the focus of safety supervision. In recent years, leakage, fire and explosion accidents of reactors have occurred frequently, causing extremely serious consequences. What are the dangerous harmful factors and safety technical measures of the reactor? Next, Jinchong Enterprise will take you to study the dangerous harmful factors and safety measures of the reactor.
1. Main dangerous harmful factors
1. Material input error
If the feed rate is too fast, the feed ratio is out of, or the feed sequence is wrong, it is possible to produce a rapid exothermic reaction. If cooling cannot keep up, heat will accumulate, causing local heating and decomposition of, resulting in a rapid reaction of materials and a large amount of harmful gases, which can lead to an explosion accident.2. Pipe leakage
In the case of feeding under normal pressure, if the discharge pipe is not opened and the liquid material is conveyed, the in the kettle will rise, which will cause the connection of the material pipeline to crack and the material to leak out and burn people. Moreover, if the material in the k is not sufficiently cooled before unloading, the high-temperature material splash will also scald people. 3、Rapid temperature rise
If the material in the heating kettle is heated too quickly and the cooling is not timely, it will lead to poor effect of the reactor, and then the material will boil and form a gas-liquid phase mixture, which will cause the pressure in the reactor to rise. If the pressure relief and discharge are not timely and the pressure relief effect is poor, it will cause the reactor to explode.4. Hot work for maintenance
When the material in the kettle is reacting, if hot work is carried out or impact sparks are generated without taking, it will cause an explosion when it meets with leaked flammable and explosive materials. 2. Safety Technical Measures
1. Heating Control Measures
Adopt sectional heating. For the heating system of materials with temperatures below 100℃, steam and hot water can be used for sectional heating, first steam heating to about 60℃, and then 100℃ water circulating heating to the reaction temperature, and strictly control the temperature for insulation reaction.
2. Interlocking Cooling Measures
Effectively start the intering system. During the reaction of the reactor material, many times it is necessary to heat up first and then release heat. When abnormal conditions occur in the production process, especially when temperature and pressure rise sharply, the operator will quickly evacuate the operation site for personal safety, unable to effectively cut off the heating source, unable to effectively start the cooling system.Therefore, the emergency start cooling interlocking system can be set in a distant place outside the operation post. It is better to be close to the valve of the workshop steam manifold, and the cooling interlocking system is started at the same time as the steam valve is closed and the stirring power is cut off, implementing the of cutting off heat, power, stopping stirring, and quickly cooling and reducing the temperature to control the accident in the initial stage and prevent the accident from further expanding.
3 Interlocking Explosion Relief Measures
Install emergency pressure relief facilities. For example, install a safety valve on the top of the reactor; when the materials react violently install a burst disk in the reaction process, and pay attention to the installation position of the burst disk, it should not directly point to the road or the operation platform; strictly control dripping speed when dripping materials.4. Anti-static measures
Ensure static electricity grounding. The flange parts of steel pipes should be well grounded. If there are six boltsincluding six) on a pair of flanges, no static electricity grounding is required. If there are less than six bolts (including four), static electricity grounding is required The static electricity grounding wire should be 4 square millimeters of copper core wire. Mechanical equipment must be effectively grounded, and the grounding resistance must not exceed 10; the motor must have a grounding wire measure.5、Labor protection measures
Strengthen ventilation. Installing blowers or exhaust fans on the operation post can not only protect the health of the operator but also reduce the concentration of combustible gas on the operation post, preventing it from reaching the explosion limit.6、Maintenance hot work safety measures
Strict hot work operation. It is necessary to correctly understand the importance of hot work management, enhance safety awareness effectively implement safety technical measures such as cutting off, isolating, replacing, cleaning, and ventilating, and follow the procedures to do a good job in preliminary review, reination, approval, supervision, cleaning up, and acceptance.7、Other safety measures
The transmission part of the gear reducer must be protected by a cover; the operating console must be stable and notble, and there must be no holes; the protective railing must be higher than 1.05 meters, and the spacing between the top and bottom of the railing not exceed 0.35 meters; the equipment should be at a height from the ground that does not collide with the human head.
For processes that require batch during operation, it is advisable to install valves and funnels on the manhole cover; the vent pipe of the condenser should be connected to the outside or to the suction outlet, and should not be directly aimed at the passageway and the workplace of the operators; where conditions permit, emergency evacuation passages and full-process monitoring and alarm facilities should also set up; during the shutdown process, proper measures for nitrogen protection should be taken. For equipment that may cause uncontrolled reactions due to power outages or water outages, there be a dual circuit and dual water source system.
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