What are the purification and concentration processes for traditional Chinese medicine?

The purification and concentration processes of traditional Chinese medicine include the following:

Atmospheric evaporation concentration: Heating at atmospheric pressure to vaporize the solvent, thereby increasing the concentration of solutes.  It is suitable for situations where the active ingredient is thermally stable and the solvent is non-toxic and harmless.  However, this method has drawbacks such as long heating time, high temperature, and poor uniformity, making it less suitable for thermal sensitivity or volatile components.

Reduce air pressure to evaporate and concentrate: also known as vacuum evaporation, which forms a certain degree of vacuum in the evaporator to reduce the boiling point of the solution and perform boiling evaporation operation.  Due to the decrease in boiling point of the solution, it can prevent or reduce the decomposition of thermosensitive components, increase the temperature difference of heat transfer, and strengthen evaporation operations.  But this method has the problem of increasing energy consumption.

Thin film evaporation concentration: By heating the solution to evaporate on the thin film, the solvent is vaporized and collected to achieve the purpose of concentration.  This method is suitable for industrial production, but requires strict control of operating conditions.

Freeze concentration: A concentration method that utilizes the principle of solid-liquid equilibrium between ice and aqueous solution. According to the different crystallization methods, it can be divided into suspension crystallization freeze concentration and progressive freeze concentration. This method is suitable for concentrating thermosensitive or volatile components, but requires controlling the crystallization conditions and time.

Supercritical fluid extraction method: Utilizing the high permeability and high solubility of supercritical fluid, the effective ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine are extracted. This method is suitable for extracting Chinese medicinal materials that are difficult to dissolve in water, and has the advantages of high efficiency, low energy consumption, and no pollution.

Membrane separation technology: By utilizing the separation function of membranes, effective ingredients or impurities in traditional Chinese medicine are separated. This method is suitable for industrial production and has advantages such as high efficiency, energy conservation, and environmental protection.

Ultra fine crushing technology: Crushing traditional Chinese medicine into micrometer or nanometer sized particles to increase its surface area and solubility, achieving efficient extraction and concentration.

In addition, the purification and concentration processes of traditional Chinese medicine also include cyclone extraction, pressurized countercurrent extraction, enzymatic method, macroporous resin adsorption method, ultrafiltration method, molecular distillation method, etc. These methods have their own characteristics and applicability, and need to be selected and applied according to specific Chinese medicinal materials and process conditions.

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