What are the purification and concentration processes of traditional Chinese medicine?

The purification and concentration processes of traditional Chinese medicine include the following:

Atmospheric Evaporation Concentration: Heating under atmospheric pressure to vaporize the solvent, thereby increasing the concentration of the solute. This method is suitable for heat-stable active components and non-toxic, harmless solvents. However, it has disadvantages such as long heating time, high temperature, and poor uniformity, making it less suitable for heat-sensitive or volatile components.

Reduced-Pressure Evaporation Concentration: Also known as vacuum evaporation, this method involves creating a vacuum inside the evaporator to lower the boiling point of the solution, enabling boiling evaporation. The reduced boiling point helps prevent or minimize the decomposition of heat-sensitive components and enhances the heat transfer temperature difference, thereby improving evaporation efficiency. However, this method consumes more energy.

Thin-Film Evaporation Concentration: This method involves heating the solution to evaporate it on a thin film, vaporizing the solvent and collecting it to achieve concentration. It is suitable for industrial production but requires strict control of operating conditions.

Freeze Concentration: A concentration method based on the solid-liquid phase equilibrium principle between ice and aqueous solutions. Depending on the crystallization method, it can be divided into suspension crystallization freeze concentration and progressive freeze concentration. This method is suitable for concentrating heat-sensitive or volatile components but requires careful control of crystallization conditions and time.

Supercritical Fluid Extraction: This method utilizes the high permeability and solubility of supercritical fluids to extract active components from Chinese medicinal materials. It is suitable for extracting components that are poorly soluble in water and offers advantages such as high efficiency, low energy consumption, and no pollution.

Membrane Separation Technology: This technology uses the separation function of membranes to isolate active components or impurities from Chinese medicinal materials. It is suitable for industrial production and offers benefits such as high efficiency, energy savings, and environmental friendliness.

Ultra-Micro Pulverization Technology: This involves pulverizing Chinese medicinal materials into micron or nanometer-sized particles to increase their surface area and solubility, thereby achieving efficient extraction and concentration.

In addition, the purification and concentration processes of traditional Chinese medicine also include cyclone extraction, pressurized countercurrent extraction, enzymatic methods, macroporous resin adsorption, ultrafiltration, molecular distillation, and others. These methods have their own characteristics and applicable scopes, and their selection and application should be based on specific Chinese medicinal materials and process conditions.

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